One of the most important questions Coach Sandi Nypaver asks when reviewing an athlete’s program is: How are you responding to your training?
This matters because everyone responds differently. Take high-intensity VO₂ max speed workouts, for example. Some athletes thrive on them because they recover quickly and see big performance gains. Others? Even with great recovery habits, too many of these sessions can leave them completely fried.
That doesn’t mean those workouts aren’t valuable. It just means the way they’re integrated into your training plan should look different depending on how your body reacts. For some, sprinkling them in sparingly is the key. For others, they can be a cornerstone of progress.
And that’s just one example! There are countless ways training can impact you differently than someone else. So here’s the takeaway: Look at your training and ask yourself:Are you benefiting from it, or is it leaving you exhausted and holding you back?
Your response to training is the ultimate feedback loop. Pay attention to it, and you’ll unlock smarter, more effective progress.
Are you racing your speed workouts… or finishing them with a little gas still left in the tank? Coach Sandi Nypaver breaks down why she prefers consistently “good” workouts over a few “great” workouts.
One of my favorite reminders comes from Mark Coogan who is an Olympian himself and coach to stars like Emily Mackay and Elle Purrier St. Pierre:
“Ten weeks of B+ workouts are better than four weeks of A+ workouts.”
Coogan has coached two athletes to the Olympic 1500m final, so he knows a thing or two about smart, sustainable training. And the more I read from his book Personal Best Running, the more I find myself nodding along because his principles echo what I tell my own athletes every week.
What Does a “B+ Workout” Actually Mean?
The point isn’t the exact paces but rather the intent. You train hard, but not so hard that you’re emptying the tank every session.
For many runners, “10K pace” can mean very different things (running a 30-minute 10K versus a 48-minute 10K are completely different physiological demands). That’s why I often cue athletes to run intervals at their 30-minute race pace instead, because it anchors the intensity more precisely than a distance alone.
But the message behind the workout is the same:
Finish feeling like you could have done one or two more reps. Not that you couldn’t.
Why Backing Off a Little Works Better
Here’s what I’ve seen again and again as a coach:
Runners who “race their workouts” arrive at race day feeling flat. They’ve already spent their best effort in training.
Runners who train just a notch below their limit stay healthier, fresher, and more consistent. This is where long-term gains actually come from.
When you leave a workout with strength instead of depletion, a few things happen:
You can gradually increase mileage without breaking down.
You can handle more total reps at quality pace.
You avoid the spiral of exhaustion → illness → injury.
You show up on race day feeling sharp instead of drained.
It’s one of the least glamorous but most powerful truths in endurance training: Consistency beats hero workouts. Every time.
Do YouEverDo an A+ Workout?
Yes, but rarely.
Every once in a while (especially if an athlete isn’t racing tune-up 5Ks or 10Ks before a longer race), I’ll put in a single “A+ effort” workout: something that lets them go all-in and feel that competitive gear before race day.
Try This for a Few Months
If you’re someone who loves to “win the workout,” try dialing things back just a touch for a training cycle.
You might be surprised at how much stronger, healthier, and faster you feel on race day.
Running is Life Long! In today’s article we will go over the training considerations for “master age” runners, but for the younger folks, this article is also useful to help prepare you for the next chapter in your running adventure. Something we should touch on now before diving into detail is the typical life stressors folks between the ages of 40-60s can face. Often, we longingly reflect on our ability to simply sleep off a minor injury or a hard training session from our teens or 20s. Something we may not consider is raising families, providing elder care, rent/mortgage. The list goes on and on. Simply point, your body isn’t failing you, there is most likely a lot on your plate that requires extra recovery considerations.
Control the Variables! Obviously, these will apply to all runners, but the needs do magnify a bit as we get older. We must prioritize sleep the best we can. Even an extra 30 min a few nights a week is impactful. Quality food to help bolster recovery and ward off micronutrient deficiencies is also critical. The same goes to regular blood work to keep on top of things.
As we enter our middle-aged years, we may need to find a good OBYGYN and/or Endocrinologist to support our hormonal changes. We won’t dive too much into Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) in this article. This is best discussed with a medical provider.
Keep your shoe rotation fresh and make friends with a few simple recovery tools, like afoam roller. These little things do add up and assist in keeping us injury free.
Strength Training! Yes, we are starting with this because there are a few key exercises we can program into our training plans to help mitigate age-related tendon degradation and muscle loss. The biggest thing that we lose as we get older is tendon stiffness and strength, particularly the Achilles tendon. Knowing this ahead of time, we can focus a bit on safely doing heavy lifts to load the tendons and some basic plyometric exercises. We focus so much on glute power (as we should), but a lot of our stride length is dictated by calf strength and Achilles stiffness. As we age, we compensate with a little bit of a higher cadence but shorter stride. Protecting stride length protects our ability to maintain higher paces. One thing to note about Achilles stiffness: this means the tendon should be like a coil. A strong coil is stiff and can transfer energy. This doesn’t mean we should be running with tight ankles. We want those to be mobile.
Key things to incorporate into your strength plan: heavy single leg calf raises and bent calf raises. Isometric calf raise holds (hard for 30sec at a time). In general, lift heavy (but safely)..Bulgarian split squats are a great exercise to include. You can try 3–4 sets of 5–7 reps for strength, or 2–4 sets of 12–15 reps for muscle endurance. Start with bodyweight to dial in good form before adding load. For plyometrics, double leg bunny hops are a great start and then progress to single leg bunny hops. To continue the progression, jump squats with a medicine ball and jump down from a box into a half squat and then immediately into a squat jump will do wonders for both bone and tendon strength. Lastly, see if you can set up a camera/phone to record your lifts or have a friend film you. Take note of left/right asymmetries. If lifting is new for you, a journal of things you notice while lifting is good. For example, if you feel less coordinated at the bottom portion of a Bulgarian split squat, and your back is not as engaged, one of the glutes may not have the same power as the other side. Another sneaky one is a stronger foot. Watch for your ankle/foot to roll a bit outward or inward at the top of a calf raise. Big toe mobility is huge with this one. Your ankle will do a lot to compensate and spread the load elsewhere if the big toe cannot bend properly.
Training Considerations! Hills are your friend. Short hill strides 1-2x a week help with power development and running form. They are also a continuation of the tendon strength we want to preserve as we age. Now the good news: our endurance ability does not really decline but our power and threshold can. This is great news because when it comes to intensity, a little bit goes a long way. Simply the hill strides and some shorter intervals on the track really can ward off age related decline. Of course we want to maintain endurance. As we age, we may need to spread out intense sessions just a bit more than in our 20s or 30s but we can hop on a bike or an elliptical to maintain our endurance. Our heart and lungs do not know the difference. It is ok to be creative and substitute a run day with a cross-training day. Particularly, if it allows you to have a very good speed or threshold session. Sacrificing a little bit of general running to preserve a workout is almost always worth it.
Another tip that comes from my cycling days is “big gear work.” I found I could help with late ride fatigue and build functional power by doing intervals that involve pushing a big gear at a low pedaling cadence (requires more torque from the legs). This could be perfect for a runner, returning from injury, who is ready to workout but is not 100% ready to return to running. It is ok to adapt workouts and do them on a bike or an elliptical. Thriving as a Master Runner
Nutrition and Supplements! Fuel is important! Simple as that. We must, regardless of age, give our body the fuel it needs to participate in the activity we ask it to do. Protein right after a workout can be helpful, but research shows what matters most is getting enough throughout the entire day. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7400240/ A lot of athletes have been exploring creatine to help with maintaining muscle strength, hydration status, and cognitive function. Creatine has been around and used by body builders for decades, but a resurgence and diversification of its uses has been prevalent this past year. Women seem to come up with a bonus and respond positively to creatine supplementation. This may be because they have lower creatine stores in their muscle tissue. This is a supplement, not a requirement of course. If you’d like to try creatine, it is always safest to consult your medical provider and if you choose to try it: 3-5g per day is a safe starting point for most people.
Philosophy and the Mental Game! With a bit of planning and staying informed, we can run rather close to our abilities from our 20s and 30s. Having said that, we should also note peak performance will change over time when we enter our golden years. A decline in our relative speed and ability to cover distance is, perhaps, more technically correct, but our running is simply evolving to the phase of life in which we enter. Comparison to one another is the thief of joy and can hamper our own journeys. The same can be said of comparisons to a different version of ourselves. Don’t forget to enjoy this sport for what it can before us: health, travel, closeness with nature, companionship, decompression, and the list goes on! We should always be grateful for our mobility and our sport. Live in the moment. Control what you can control and try not to stress the rest of it.
For runners, improving performance isn’t just about logging miles—it’s also about building strength in smart, strategic ways. One often-overlooked aspect of strength training is the type of muscle contractions we’re using. Incorporating different types of muscle contractions—concentric, eccentric, and isometric—can play a major role in boosting efficiency, reducing injury risk, and helping you feel stronger through every stride.
Let’s break down what each of these contraction types is, and how they benefit runners.
Concentric Contractions: Building Power and Propulsion
Concentric contractions happen when a muscle shortens while generating force. In running, this occurs when you push off the ground or drive your knee forward during a stride.
Why it matters for runners: These contractions help develop explosive strength and forward propulsion. Training concentrically can improve your speed, sprint ability, and uphill running power. Exercises like lunges, squats, and step-ups with an emphasis on the lifting phase are great examples.
Eccentric Contractions: Controlling Movement and Absorbing Impact
Eccentric contractions occur when a muscle lengthens under tension—like when you control your descent on a downhill or absorb the landing from a jump.
Why it matters for runners: Eccentric training improves your ability to absorb force and decelerate safely, which is especially important for preventing overuse injuries such as runner’s knee or hamstring strains. It also strengthens connective tissues and improves muscle resilience. Think slow, controlled lowering in strength exercises, downhill running drills, and Nordic hamstring curls.
Isometric Contractions: Stabilizing and Supporting
Isometric contractions involve generating force without changing the length of the muscle—like when holding a plank, balancing on one leg, or stabilizing yourself on uneven terrain.
Why it matters for runners: Isometric strength helps improve joint stability, posture control, and form during fatigue. This is especially critical for core, hip, and ankle stability on technical trails or during long efforts. Isometric holds, wall sits, and single-leg balance work are great additions to your routine.
Putting It All Together
Each contraction type plays a unique and essential role in running performance:
Concentric: Power and propulsion
Eccentric: Control and injury resistance
Isometric: Stability and posture
By intentionally training all three, runners can create a more balanced and durable body—one that’s more efficient, injury-resistant, and capable of handling the demands of both the road and the trail.
Coach Sage discusses how to lengthen your stride to build speed and efficiency!
A common question I get is how someone can run a marathon at a pace of 5:12 per mile (or 3:12 per kilometer) without looking like they’re sprinting. The difference often comes down to stride length. For example, some runners might have a stride of 1.5 meters, while others take a 2-meter stride. At the starting line of the Boston Marathon, I’ve seen top international runners running at 4:40 per mile (or 2:55 per kilometer) with a long stride and a high cadence—often around 180 and up to 190 steps per minute. This combination of stride length and cadence makes their speed look effortless.
The key to running faster is opening up your stride. There’s a lot of misinformation online about how to do this effectively, so I want to share a few essential biomechanical tips to increase your stride length:
TIP 🥇
First, you need to get comfortable with running at high speeds. As a distance runner, whether for a 5K, 10K, marathon, or even an ultramarathon, you might not be used to doing explosive sprints. While exercises like bounding can help, they aren’t essential. Instead, try doing strides: after an easy run, once you’re warmed up, perform four sets of 80-100 meters (or 15-20 seconds each) at a fast pace—around 90-95% of your top speed.
During these strides, you’ll likely hit over 200 steps per minute in cadence, with a high knee drive and strong back kick. This activates your fast-twitch muscle fibers and helps improve neuromuscular coordination, which can correct form flaws and make your running more efficient. Sprinting with good form is essential, and that form should carry over to your 5K, 10K, and marathon paces, making slower paces more efficient. It’s about training movement patterns at the neuromuscular level and building the muscle power and stride length to enhance efficiency across all distances.
A key point about strides is that they shouldn’t be intense anaerobic efforts. Between each 80-100 meter stride, take time to catch your breath and return to a relaxed, fast running pace. This approach will improve your speed, along with other speed workouts.
Ultimately, it’s about efficiency—getting comfortable with fast running while staying as relaxed as possible. We’ll also discuss the cardiovascular strength needed to support this speed at the end of the video.
TIP 🥈
Another key to increasing your stride length is developing specific biomechanical patterns, which can be achieved through drills and strides, focusing particularly on a high knee drive. The height of your knee lift largely determines your stride length. As your speed increases, think about raising your knee higher to open up more height and power in your stride.
TIP 🥉
Another essential aspect of increasing stride length is opening up the hips, particularly through hip flexion on the backswing. Rather than focusing too much on the backswing itself, emphasize lifting your heel and aiming for a high back kick. With greater speed, your back kick naturally becomes higher, helping to open up the hip flexion angle and extend your stride.
Exercises like lunges are excellent for building strength and hip mobility, along with basic hip stretches. Stretching the hip flexors, for example, helps you feel the extension at the back of the hips. Improved hip mobility is crucial for increasing stride length.
THE CAVEAT! 🚨
One important caveat: you can practice these drills and focus on form, but without strong cardiovascular fitness, it will be challenging to sustain the increased effort in a long-distance race like a half marathon or marathon.
Building cardiovascular fitness—developing heart, lung capacity, and blood flow—is essential for supporting this workload. Elite marathoners spend years building a high aerobic base to sustain a powerful, long stride over extended distances. Running with a large stride and high power output is hard to maintain beyond a few minutes without this endurance foundation.
In short, there’s no quick fix to running fast, but implementing these drills can help you run more efficiently and enjoy the process. With practice, you can make incremental improvements in your form and performance.
