For runners, improving performance isn’t just about logging miles—it’s also about building strength in smart, strategic ways. One often-overlooked aspect of strength training is the type of muscle contractions we’re using. Incorporating different types of muscle contractions—concentric, eccentric, and isometric—can play a major role in boosting efficiency, reducing injury risk, and helping you feel stronger through every stride.
Let’s break down what each of these contraction types is, and how they benefit runners.
Concentric Contractions: Building Power and Propulsion
Concentric contractions happen when a muscle shortens while generating force. In running, this occurs when you push off the ground or drive your knee forward during a stride.
Why it matters for runners: These contractions help develop explosive strength and forward propulsion. Training concentrically can improve your speed, sprint ability, and uphill running power. Exercises like lunges, squats, and step-ups with an emphasis on the lifting phase are great examples.
Eccentric Contractions: Controlling Movement and Absorbing Impact
Eccentric contractions occur when a muscle lengthens under tension—like when you control your descent on a downhill or absorb the landing from a jump.
Why it matters for runners: Eccentric training improves your ability to absorb force and decelerate safely, which is especially important for preventing overuse injuries such as runner’s knee or hamstring strains. It also strengthens connective tissues and improves muscle resilience. Think slow, controlled lowering in strength exercises, downhill running drills, and Nordic hamstring curls.
Isometric Contractions: Stabilizing and Supporting
Isometric contractions involve generating force without changing the length of the muscle—like when holding a plank, balancing on one leg, or stabilizing yourself on uneven terrain.
Why it matters for runners: Isometric strength helps improve joint stability, posture control, and form during fatigue. This is especially critical for core, hip, and ankle stability on technical trails or during long efforts. Isometric holds, wall sits, and single-leg balance work are great additions to your routine.
Putting It All Together
Each contraction type plays a unique and essential role in running performance:
Concentric: Power and propulsion
Eccentric: Control and injury resistance
Isometric: Stability and posture
By intentionally training all three, runners can create a more balanced and durable body—one that’s more efficient, injury-resistant, and capable of handling the demands of both the road and the trail.
Coach Sage discusses how to lengthen your stride to build speed and efficiency!
A common question I get is how someone can run a marathon at a pace of 5:12 per mile (or 3:12 per kilometer) without looking like they’re sprinting. The difference often comes down to stride length. For example, some runners might have a stride of 1.5 meters, while others take a 2-meter stride. At the starting line of the Boston Marathon, I’ve seen top international runners running at 4:40 per mile (or 2:55 per kilometer) with a long stride and a high cadence—often around 180 and up to 190 steps per minute. This combination of stride length and cadence makes their speed look effortless.
The key to running faster is opening up your stride. There’s a lot of misinformation online about how to do this effectively, so I want to share a few essential biomechanical tips to increase your stride length:
TIP 🥇
First, you need to get comfortable with running at high speeds. As a distance runner, whether for a 5K, 10K, marathon, or even an ultramarathon, you might not be used to doing explosive sprints. While exercises like bounding can help, they aren’t essential. Instead, try doing strides: after an easy run, once you’re warmed up, perform four sets of 80-100 meters (or 15-20 seconds each) at a fast pace—around 90-95% of your top speed.
During these strides, you’ll likely hit over 200 steps per minute in cadence, with a high knee drive and strong back kick. This activates your fast-twitch muscle fibers and helps improve neuromuscular coordination, which can correct form flaws and make your running more efficient. Sprinting with good form is essential, and that form should carry over to your 5K, 10K, and marathon paces, making slower paces more efficient. It’s about training movement patterns at the neuromuscular level and building the muscle power and stride length to enhance efficiency across all distances.
A key point about strides is that they shouldn’t be intense anaerobic efforts. Between each 80-100 meter stride, take time to catch your breath and return to a relaxed, fast running pace. This approach will improve your speed, along with other speed workouts.
Ultimately, it’s about efficiency—getting comfortable with fast running while staying as relaxed as possible. We’ll also discuss the cardiovascular strength needed to support this speed at the end of the video.
TIP 🥈
Another key to increasing your stride length is developing specific biomechanical patterns, which can be achieved through drills and strides, focusing particularly on a high knee drive. The height of your knee lift largely determines your stride length. As your speed increases, think about raising your knee higher to open up more height and power in your stride.
TIP 🥉
Another essential aspect of increasing stride length is opening up the hips, particularly through hip flexion on the backswing. Rather than focusing too much on the backswing itself, emphasize lifting your heel and aiming for a high back kick. With greater speed, your back kick naturally becomes higher, helping to open up the hip flexion angle and extend your stride.
Exercises like lunges are excellent for building strength and hip mobility, along with basic hip stretches. Stretching the hip flexors, for example, helps you feel the extension at the back of the hips. Improved hip mobility is crucial for increasing stride length.
THE CAVEAT! 🚨
One important caveat: you can practice these drills and focus on form, but without strong cardiovascular fitness, it will be challenging to sustain the increased effort in a long-distance race like a half marathon or marathon.
Building cardiovascular fitness—developing heart, lung capacity, and blood flow—is essential for supporting this workload. Elite marathoners spend years building a high aerobic base to sustain a powerful, long stride over extended distances. Running with a large stride and high power output is hard to maintain beyond a few minutes without this endurance foundation.
In short, there’s no quick fix to running fast, but implementing these drills can help you run more efficiently and enjoy the process. With practice, you can make incremental improvements in your form and performance.
To run faster, you’re going to want to hone in on your single-leg squat form. A few weeks ago, Coach Sandi Nypaver wrote about some of her favorite strength assessment tests for runners. Today, she discusses in depth the single-leg squat — an exercise most people struggle to do incorrectly! This newsletter will cover: The common mistakes people make while doing the single-leg squat and other single-leg exercises. How to correct your single leg form. How to apply the strength and technique exercises to your weekly routine. Read for more!
As you run, you’re constantly in a single-leg squat position. This is why the single leg squat is one of the exercises in the movement assessment I give the athletes I coach. If someone is struggling with the single-leg squat exercises, I almost always see the same problem when they’re in the single-leg stance position as they’re running. This usually correlates to pain or tightness around the knee, low back, hips, and even the lower leg.
All of my athletes go through a strength and movement assessment, and there’s one exercise where many runners tend to struggle. Unsurprisingly, it’s also the movement most specific to running. The exercise inthe movement assessment that challenges many people is the single-leg squat, which is what I’ll be focusing on in today’s newsletter. Runners are frequently in a single-leg squat position while running, which is why training the correct movement pattern is so essential! So, what are the common mistakes I see when people perform a single-leg squat?
Mistake #1 A common mistake I see is when the hip drops down and the knee moves toward or even past the big toe.
Mistake #2 Another mistake is swinging the hip out wide instead of simply bringing the glutes back.
Before moving on, remember it’s okay if you’ve been making these mistakes, even for a long time. Don’t dwell on it—the power to improve is in the present! Focus on what you can control now, and get excited about the potential improvements this can bring to your future performance. Now that you know what not to do, let’s work on correcting your single-leg squat form. I prefer to focus on solutions, so let’s dive into making your single-leg squat and running form stronger. Here are some key points to remember, which apply to all single-leg exercises: 1. Keep your hips as level as possible.2. When you bend your knee, direct it toward your second or third toe. Avoid letting the knee move inward or toward the big toe.
To help with this, try using a mirror while practicing single-leg exercises. For some people, just maintaining level hips and proper knee alignment (toward the second toe) will be enough. But if this isn’t quite working for you, don’t worry—I have more tips ahead. Here’s a setup technique that works well for those who tend to swing their hip out or experience hip drop during a single-leg squat. I developed this approach for some of my athletes, and it’s been effective:
TIP #1 Start in a chair pose, squatting with both legs and going only as deep as you can while maintaining good form. Look in the mirror, keep your hips level, and ensure your knees point in the right direction. Once set, lift one leg and perform a single-leg squat, using the lifted leg briefly if you need to reset. Many people struggle with single-leg squats simply because they go too low, causing the hip to kick out or the knee to fall inward. Instead, work within your current range to maintain good form. As you get stronger, you’ll be able to go lower with control. Here’s what I mean:
TIP #2 Another exercise I often do that can help with a single leg squat is a squat onto a couch—similar to sitting back until your glutes just touch the couch, then standing back up.
TIP #3 Another quick tip I have is for you to consider your footwear—or going barefoot—for single-leg squats. Thick shoes can increase instability, so if you’re comfortable and in a suitable space, try barefoot for better control.
Apply This Let’s put what you’ve learned into action. If you’re strength training with weights, aim to do these exercises two to three times per week, with 48 to 72 hours between leg sessions. This recovery time helps your muscles rebuild and prevents fatigue from holding back your progress.
For daily practice, try technique drills and activation exercises before runs. These will help you apply your strength gains to your running form, leading to improvements in form and pace over time. Remember, a slight hip drop during running can be normal. It’s the excessive drop—when the hip goes too far out and the knee turns inward—that we want to avoid. To catch and correct these patterns, do this movement assessment regularly.
This is just one of the exercises in my strength and movement assessment for athletes. For the full program, including tools and strategies to coach yourself, check out the Ultimate Running Course: Learn to Coach Yourself.
I hope this helps you in your running. Happy running! Coach Sandi
Coach Sage Canaday discusses the ‘fartlek’ workout. He’ll explain…
What a fartlek workout is
Why it’s one of his favorite types of workouts to do
A few workout examples to work with!
What Is a Fartlek Workout?
‘Fartlek’ is a Swedish word that translates to ‘speed play,’ which is fitting because it’s all about enjoying your running with unstructured intervals! A fartlek workout involves alternating between running fast and recovering at a slower pace, but without strict timing or structure. For example, you might sprint to the next lamppost or tree, then jog to catch your breath, and repeat this using various landmarks along your route. The sprint distance and recovery time can vary, making it a flexible, fun way to incorporate speed work. But overall, it’s a great way to add variety to your training while building speed and endurance.
Why The Fartlek Is a Favorite of Mine
Fartlek training doesn’t require a set pace, and there’s no need to check your GPS constantly. You run by feel and intuition, which is a key aspect of effective training—learning to read your body’s signals. You might choose to wear a heart rate monitor, or you might not. I personally love the fartlek workout because of how flexible you can make it: on an easy day, if you feel good, you might sprint on the uphills and jog the downhills, or vice versa. The intervals don’t have to be precise—whether it’s 30 seconds, 45 seconds, or a minute, what matters is that you’re getting a good heart rate spike.
In many of our Higher Running training plans for half marathons, marathons, and ultras, we incorporate fartlek workouts. You could even add a fartlek to a run spontaneously. For example, during a 20-mile or 18-mile long run, you might do some fartlek intervals in the second half.
Fartlek Workout #1
A structured example of a fartlek workout could involve six sets of three-minute hard efforts. For instance, you might run three minutes at your 10K race pace or effort, followed by a two-minute recovery jog. This workout consists of six sets of three minutes fast with two minutes easy between each, totaling 18 minutes of high-intensity work at around 85–90% of your maximum heart rate.
Including the recovery jogs, this 30-minute workout keeps your heart rate elevated for most of the session. If you check your heart rate data afterward, you’ll see spikes where your heart rate rises during the hard efforts and drops during the recovery jogs. This pattern also appears in your leg turnover, as you develop speed, stimulate fast-twitch muscle fibers, and improve running economy at your 10K pace. Furthermore, this type of workout helps improve stride rate, leg turnover, and reduce ground contact time.
Ultimately, this workout is a great way to keep your heart rate elevated over 75% of your maximum for 30 minutes with peaks over 90%. It’s an unstructured form of interval training that provides an excellent lactate threshold stimulus by helping clear lactate, similar to a tempo run.
I like to think of it as a ‘pre-VO2 max’ workout. It’s not excessively hard, and you can adjust the intensity on the fly. You don’t have to hit a strict 10K pace or specific speed; just go by feel. For example, if you’re tired from work or didn’t sleep well, you can reduce your effort instead, and this approach can be more manageable than facing tough splits on a track workout.
Fartlek Workout #2
It you are looking for a more structured, track-focused, fartlek session, you might run 400-meter repeats at 5K pace, followed by 200 meters at a “float” recovery pace. This means running 400 meters in about 90 seconds, then doing a lighter jog for 200 meters in about a minute. You could repeat this for a full 5K without stopping. Though more formal and measured, this workout follows the same principles, keeping your heart rate and speed oscillating, which provides similar benefits.
A continuous workout like this keeps you moving without stopping to catch your breath. You accelerate, ease off, and repeat, but it’s all fluid. That’s the beauty of fartlek training—you can do it on trails, up and down hills, using landmarks rather than constantly checking your watch. It’s a great lactate threshold workout that can even be added to the end of long runs.
In summary, fartleks are an excellent way to ease into more structured interval training while developing speed and running economy. They’re beneficial for any distance runner, whether training for a mile or 100 miles. Fartlek training provides a fun, low-pressure way to work on key aspects of your running fitness.
I hope this helps give you a better idea of what a fartlek workout is. Give it a try this week!
Today, Coach Sandi Nypaver is going to guide you through some strength tests that you can do at home to check whether your body is evenly balanced or if there’s anything you need to work on. Many of these tests are similar to what a physical therapist might have you do, but she’ll help you learn how to perform them yourself and understand what to look for.
At home, self-performed strength tests help to see if there’s anything you need to work on to keep your body functioning optimally. As a runner it’s important both sides of your body show up equally and this newsletter will help you do that. If you’re in pain it’s always good to go see a doctor and/or specialist, preferably one who is well trusted by runners. If there is something you need to work on (I certainly have a lot to work on!) don’t view it as a bad thing. It’s a good challenge and the process can be rewarding when you notice improvements.
Let’s get started:
🥇: The Bridge Test Alright, the first exercise is a simple glute bridge. Make sure your back is flat on the floor and keep your pelvis stable in this position. Raise your arms so they don’t assist you, and then lift your hips straight up.
What you’re checking for is whether you can maintain proper alignment of your pelvis. If you feel your pelvis drop, take note. Also, pay attention to where you feel the effort. Are you feeling it in your glutes or your hamstrings, or both? Ideally, you should feel it in your glutes, and even a little in your hamstrings. That’s a good sign.
a. Test Questions: What muscles do you feel working the most? Does your pelvis drop or can you keep it stable? Does one side feel different than the other? Do you need to work on strength and/or activation?
b. Goals: Work towards keeping your pelvis stable and having your glutes take on most of the load. It’s okay if you feel your hamstring working a little, but your hamstring should not take on more work than your glutes.
Bonus Tip: Keep your spine stable. You should not be feeling this in your lower back.
🥈: The Squat Test Now, let’s do a squat test. And note that I’m using a hiking pole here – you’ll want something similar. First, make sure your spine is neutral, and align your toes with the bar of the chair. From there, try to squat down.
What you’re checking for is whether your knees want to move forward, preventing you from going lower. If that happens, it’s a sign you’re relying too much on your quads. What you want is to get your butt back while keeping a neutral spine and maintaining a good hip hinge.
If you’re using your quads more than your glutes, you’ll struggle to go down. Instead, aim to engage your glutes and keep that hip hinge, which is important when you’re running as well.
a. Test Questions: If you place a chair or box in front of your toes, do you find it hard to squat/does it feel unnatural? What muscles do you feel working the most, your quads or glutes?
b. Goals: Get that booty back and working! You may feel your quads working, but you want to aim for a glute dominant squat. Get the hip-hinge pattern right, keeping the spine stable.
Bonus Tip: Our bodies like the neuromuscular patterns we already have formed. Some of you will be able to do this exercise without being able to apply to your running right away. Keep working at it. You’ll get there!
🥉: The Single Leg Squat This is a typical single-leg squat. The key here is to compare how each leg moves.
Now, what you want to avoid is your knee collapsing inward or moving too far out to the side. Try to keep everything aligned, engaging your glutes and even a bit of your knee as you come up.
Focus on your knee position and check if you’re using both legs in the same way. Again, you don’t want your knee to collapse inward as you squat down. Keep your legs straight and make sure you’re engaging your glutes on both the way up and down.
a. Test Questions: What muscles do you feel working the most? Does your foot/ankle feel stable (can you balance here)? Does your knee want to collapse in? Is there a difference between sides?
b. Goals:
i. You want good lateral hip stability, so your knee should aim in the direction of your toes, not inward. This motion is controlled by your hips.
ii. Feel stable in your feet and ankles, keeping your weight even distributed in your foot tripod. It should not feel like all your weight is in your heel or forefoot.
These are just a few simple strength tests you can do right at home, either with the help of a friend or family member watching you, or by videotaping yourself to see how you’re moving. As you do these exercises, make sure to pay attention to which muscles you’re engaging!
I hope these tests help you gauge your strengths and weaknesses. Happy running!
The common mistakes people make while doing the single-leg squat and other single-leg exercises.
